🇨🇩 Outbreak Investigation of Ebola Virus Diseases in North Kivu
  • Overview
  • Case description at Admission
  • Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications
Cases
463
Deaths
150

Average CFR (%)

32%
Cases distribution in 🇨🇩 North Kivu
  • 📈 Cases by Outcome and Month
  • Age and Sex Distribution - Cases
  • Population characteristics by outcomee
  • Population characteristics by Sex at Birth
Population characteristics
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Full recovery with sequelae
N = 11
Full recovery without sequelae
N = 2571
Referred to another facility
N = 31
Unknown
N = 521
p-value2
Age at admission – – – – – 0.83
    Median (Min, Max) 30 (3, 70) 42 (42, 42) 32 (1, 71) 37 (25, 48) 29 (1, 63) –
Age Group – – – – – –
    <5 2 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 7 (2.9%) 0 (0%) 2 (4.1%) –
    5-17 18 (12%) 0 (0%) 20 (8.2%) 0 (0%) 6 (12%) –
    18-24 26 (18%) 0 (0%) 53 (22%) 0 (0%) 11 (22%) –
    25-34 44 (30%) 0 (0%) 60 (25%) 1 (50%) 10 (20%) –
    35-49 37 (25%) 1 (100%) 70 (29%) 1 (50%) 13 (27%) –
    50+ 19 (13%) 0 (0%) 33 (14%) 0 (0%) 7 (14%) –
Gender – – – – – 0.88
    Male 67 (45%) 0 (0%) 110 (43%) 2 (67%) 24 (46%) –
    Female 83 (55%) 1 (100%) 147 (57%) 1 (33%) 28 (54%) –
Patient occupation – – – – – 0.02
    Healthcare worker 9 (11%) 0 (0%) 33 (23%) 0 (0%) 3 (6.8%) –
    Non-healthcare worker 38 (46%) 1 (100%) 66 (46%) 1 (50%) 29 (66%) –
    Unknown 36 (43%) 0 (0%) 43 (30%) 1 (50%) 12 (27%) –
Is the patient pregnant? – – – – – –
    Yes 5 (100%) 0 (NA%) 11 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? – – – – – –
    Yes 4 (100%) 0 (NA%) 3 (100%) 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) –
Diabetes – – – – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
HIV 2 (67%) 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 1.00
Chronic pulmonary disease – – – – – –
    Yes 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Bleeding – – – – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) –
Fever – – – – – –
    Yes 88 (100%) 0 (NA%) 144 (100%) 2 (100%) 26 (100%) –
Diarrhoea – – – – – –
    Yes 70 (100%) 1 (100%) 77 (100%) 0 (NA%) 15 (100%) –
Shock – – – – – –
    Yes 2 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Confusion – – – – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Ebola RDT – – – – – 0.76
    Oraquick 2 (1.6%) 0 (NA%) 2 (0.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Not done 126 (98%) 0 (NA%) 212 (99%) 2 (100%) 35 (100%) –
Ct (lowest) – – – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 20 (0, 38) -- 25 (0, 40) 22 (16, 34) 24 (0, 33) –
Result of GeneXpert PCR – – – – – 0.80
    Positive 130 (100%) 0 (NA%) 212 (99%) 3 (100%) 41 (100%) –
    Negative 0 (0%) 0 (NA%) 2 (0.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Indeterminate 0 (0%) 0 (NA%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – – – – 0.67
    Median (Min, Max) 164 (30, 385) -- 142 (27, 385) 199 (181, 216) 168 (168, 168) –
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – – – – 0.54
    Median (Min, Max) 13.80 (10.60, 17.90) -- 12.90 (9.00, 17.90) 12.05 (10.10, 14.00) 11.20 (11.20, 11.20) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 7.75 (4.00, 9.00) 4.00 (4.00, 4.00) 8.70 (4.00, 10.40) 9.45 (9.00, 9.90) 8.05 (7.80, 8.90) –
Antibacterial treatment – – – – – –
    Yes 136 (100%) 1 (100%) 206 (100%) 1 (100%) 46 (100%) –
Antimalarial treatment – – – – – –
    Yes 119 (100%) 1 (100%) 176 (100%) 0 (NA%) 41 (100%) –
Ebola experimental treatment – – – – – –
    Yes 72 (100%) 0 (NA%) 105 (100%) 2 (100%) 23 (100%) –
Oral/orogastric fluids – – – – – –
    Yes 21 (100%) 1 (100%) 48 (100%) 1 (100%) 8 (100%) –
Oxygen therapy – – – – – –
    Yes 3 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Blood transfusion – – – – – –
    Yes 4 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Vasopressors/inotropes – – – – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
1 n (%)
2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; NA; Fisher’s exact test
Population characteristics
Characteristic Male
N = 2031
Female
N = 2601
p-value2
Age at admission – – 0.45
    Median (Min, Max) 32 (1, 71) 30 (1, 70) –
Age Group – – –
    <5 5 (2.6%) 6 (2.4%) –
    5-17 19 (10%) 25 (10.0%) –
    18-24 30 (16%) 60 (24%) –
    25-34 55 (29%) 60 (24%) –
    35-49 62 (33%) 60 (24%) –
    50+ 19 (10%) 40 (16%) –
Patient occupation – – 0.17
    Healthcare worker 22 (18%) 23 (15%) –
    Non-healthcare worker 64 (54%) 71 (46%) –
    Unknown 33 (28%) 59 (39%) –
Is the patient pregnant? – – –
    Yes 0 (NA%) 16 (100%) –
Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? – – –
    Yes 3 (100%) 5 (100%) –
Diabetes – – –
    Yes 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) –
HIV 1 (100%) 2 (67%) 1.00
Chronic pulmonary disease – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) –
Bleeding – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 1 (100%) –
Fever – – –
    Yes 115 (100%) 145 (100%) –
Diarrhoea – – –
    Yes 62 (100%) 101 (100%) –
Shock – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 1 (100%) –
Confusion – – –
    Yes 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) –
Ebola RDT – – 0.63
    Oraquick 1 (0.6%) 3 (1.4%) –
    Not done 170 (99%) 205 (99%) –
Ct (lowest) – – 0.37
    Median (Min, Max) 22 (0, 38) 23 (0, 40) –
Result of GeneXpert PCR – – 0.34
    Positive 173 (99%) 213 (99%) –
    Negative 0 (0%) 2 (0.9%) –
    Indeterminate 1 (0.6%) 0 (0%) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – 0.84
    Median (Min, Max) 166 (142, 181) 153 (27, 385) –
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – 0.74
    Median (Min, Max) 12.45 (10.60, 14.00) 13.15 (9.00, 17.90) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – 0.90
    Median (Min, Max) 8.30 (4.00, 9.70) 8.25 (4.00, 10.40) –
Antibacterial treatment – – –
    Yes 173 (100%) 217 (100%) –
Antimalarial treatment – – –
    Yes 160 (100%) 177 (100%) –
Ebola experimental treatment – – –
    Yes 89 (100%) 113 (100%) –
Oral/orogastric fluids – – –
    Yes 38 (100%) 41 (100%) –
Oxygen therapy – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 2 (100%) –
Blood transfusion – – –
    Yes 2 (100%) 2 (100%) –
Vasopressors/inotropes – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) –
Outcome at discharge – – 0.88
    Death 67 (33%) 83 (32%) –
    Full recovery with sequelae 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) –
    Full recovery without sequelae 110 (54%) 147 (57%) –
    Referred to another facility 2 (1.0%) 1 (0.4%) –
    Unknown 24 (12%) 28 (11%) –
1 n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; NA; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
  • Symptoms at Admission
  • Clinical Signs at Admission
  • Bleeding at Admission
  • Table of Symptoms at Admission
  • Table of Symptoms at Admission by outcome
Symptoms Prevalence at Admission
Variable Number of Cases Prevalence Frequency1
Fatigue 69.1% 320 / 463
Anorexia 57.5% 266 / 463
Fever 56.2% 260 / 463
Headache 49.5% 229 / 463
Nausea 46.4% 215 / 463
Weakness 41.7% 193 / 463
Vomiting 38.7% 179 / 463
Body Pain 36.1% 167 / 463
Diarrhoea 35.2% 163 / 463
Abdominal pain 34.3% 159 / 463
Myalgia 33.9% 157 / 463
Chest Pain 17.9% 83 / 463
Difficulty swallowing 13.6% 63 / 463
Sore Throat 10.4% 48 / 463
Difficulty breathing 5.8% 27 / 463
Hiccups 5.8% 27 / 463
Malaise 5.4% 25 / 463
Irriability/Confusion 1.3% 6 / 463
1 Among all cases, assuming missing = Absence.
character(0)
Symptoms by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Fever 88 (59%) 144 (56%) 0.57
Fatigue 115 (77%) 168 (65%) 0.01
Weakness 76 (51%) 91 (35%) 0.00
Malaise 6 (4.0%) 15 (5.8%) 0.42
Myalgia 62 (41%) 77 (30%) 0.02
Anorexia 94 (63%) 147 (57%) 0.26
Sore Throat 26 (17%) 20 (7.8%) 0.00
Headache 78 (52%) 124 (48%) 0.44
Chest Pain 32 (21%) 47 (18%) 0.44
Body Pain 62 (41%) 85 (33%) 0.09
Hiccups 10 (6.7%) 17 (6.6%) 0.98
Difficulty breathing 14 (9.3%) 11 (4.3%) 0.04
Difficulty swallowing 33 (22%) 27 (10%) 0.00
Abdominal pain 61 (41%) 84 (33%) 0.10
Diarrhoea 70 (47%) 78 (30%) 0.00
Nausea 88 (59%) 112 (43%) 0.00
Vomiting 67 (45%) 98 (38%) 0.18
Irriability/Confusion 3 (2.0%) 2 (0.8%) 0.36
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
  • Cases and CFR (%) by month
  • Treatments at Admission
  • Table of Treatments at Admission by outcome
  • 🔬 Lab Results by outcome
  • Complications
character(0)
Symptoms by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Antibacterial treatment 136 (91%) 207 (80%) 0.01
Antimalarial treatment 119 (79%) 177 (69%) 0.02
Other type of treatment 134 (89%) 202 (78%) 0.00
Ebola experimental treatment 72 (48%) 105 (41%) 0.15
Oral/orogastric fluids 21 (14%) 49 (19%) 0.20
Oxygen therapy 3 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 0.05
Blood transfusion 4 (2.7%) 0 (0%) 0.02
Vasopressors/inotropes 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
character(0)
Symptoms by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Haemoglobin (g/L) 13.80 (10.60, 17.90) 12.90 (9.00, 17.90) 0.28
WBC count (x10⁹/L) 10 (3, 81) 8 (2, 52) 0.33
Platelets (x10⁹/L) 164 (30, 385) 142 (27, 385) 0.56
ALT/SGPT (U/L) US 397 (22, 2,000) 136 (12, 1,100) 0.00
AST/SGO (U/L) US 726 (40, 2,000) 136 (11, 2,000) 0.02
Bilirubin (&micromol/L) US 0.75 (0.40, 10.00) 0.50 (0.10, 2.30) 0.00
Creatinine ( &micromol/L) US 1.90 (0.50, 11.10) 1.05 (0.20, 12.00) 0.02
Potassium (mmol/L) US 4.30 (2.70, 58.00) 3.80 (1.50, 6.80) 0.03
Urea (mmol/L) US 27 (5, 151) 10 (3, 142) 0.01
Creatinine kinase (U/L) US 1,056 (79, 5,000) 335 (8, 5,000) 0.00
Calcium (mmol/L) US 7.75 (4.00, 9.00) 8.70 (4.00, 10.40) 0.00
Sodium (mmol/L) US 132 (123, 180) 132 (123, 152) 0.68
Glucose (mmol/L) US 93 (50, 406) 93 (42, 308) 0.86
1 Median (Min, Max)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test
character(0)
Symptoms by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Bleeding 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Shock 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0.13
Confusion 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Coma (P/U in AVPU scoring) 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0.13
1 n (%)
2 Fisher’s exact test
Sex at birth
Final Outcome
IVF


This dashboard displays statistics of reported cases of EVD in 🇨🇩, North Kivu, in 2018-2019:

Total cases 463
Female cases 56%
Below 5 yrs 2%

Disclaimer

Data are provided by many contributors through the the WHO Clinical data platform and are not necessarily representative. To become a contributor, please see the terms of use and register here.